Philosophy Of Biology by Sober Elliott

Author:Sober, Elliott [Sober, Elliott]
Language: eng
Format: azw3
ISBN: 9780813391267
Publisher: Taylor and Francis
Published: 2018-03-04T16:00:00+00:00

In these expressions, x is the "baseline fitness." When altruists reduce their fitness by c units, this is a reduction from the fitness they would have had if they had not donated. In both expressions, the first addend describes the effect on the individual of its own phenotype, and the second describes the effect on the individual of the behaviors of others. Simple algebra shows that

(1) If everyone interacts with everyone, then w(S) > w(A) if and only if c + b > 0.

This means that if donation confers a genuine benefit on the recipient (b > 0) and entails a genuine cost to the donor (c > 0), then altruism cannot evolve.

Now let's introduce some structure into the population. Let the individuals pair up; this may happen at random, or there may be a tendency for similar individuals to pair with each other. The paired individuals then interact in a way that affects their fitnesses. In this interaction, an individual's fitness is influenced both by its own phenotype and by the phenotype of the individual with which it has paired. The payoffs to the row player are as follows;

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